History

Navigating Semi-Colonialism: Shipping, Sovereignty, and Nation-Building in China, 1860–1937

Anne Reinhardt’s “Navigating Semi-Colonialism” examines steam navigation—introduced by foreign powers to Chinese waters in the mid-nineteenth century—as a constitutive element of the treaty system to illuminate both conceptual and concrete aspects of this regime, arguing for the specificity of China’s experience, its continuities with colonialism in other contexts, and its links to global processes.