Arthur Kleinman, Professor of Medical Anthropology in Global and Social Medicine and Professor of Psychiatry in the Harvard Medical School, recently celebrated 55 years of doing healthcare research in Chinese society. He is the recipient of Shanghai’s Magnolia Award, honoring his work in illness, healthcare, and aging issues in China. In this interview with Dorinda (Dinda) Elliott, Executive Director of the Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies, Professor Kleinman points to progress and challenges in China’s healthcare system—too little emphasis on primary care, too much on big hospitals!—and says the U.S. and China have a lot to learn from each other.